approximate original contour

As used in this chapter, "approximate original contour" means the surface configuration achieved by backfilling and grading of the mined area so that the reclaimed area, including terracing or access roads: (1) closely resembles the general surface configuration of the land before mining; and Let's consider the boomerang image again. (2004) by K Grauman, T Darrel Venue: In CVPR, Add To MetaCart. Looking for the definition of approximate? Almost exact or correct: the approximate time of the accident. ... We create an original image because we modify our image throughout the code. Those points are joined by line segments to form the PAT approximation of the contour of the original function. mət ′kän‚tu̇r] (mapping) A contour substituted for a normal contour whenever there is a question as to its reliability; reliability usually is evaluated as exceeding one-half the contour interval. At each step the approximate polygon encloses the origi-nal contour. in the end, congress compromised.most of the time, mine operators would have to return land to its approximate original contour.the idea … In Experiment 2, the task was made more difficult, and infants failed to discriminate transpositions of the original melody as well as transformations that preserved the melodic contour and approximate frequency range of the original melody. There is an exception for mountaintop removal operations. Seepage from valley fills tends to be elevated with respect to calcium, magnesium, alkalinity and sulfates and there is evidence that, in high concentrations, these ions can contribute to … The area is not back to the original contour, but the slope from Mr. Rosati's property is approximately a 3:1 slope. In dentistry: 1. Almost exact or correct: the approximate time of the accident. The Fourier approximation of vehicle and pedestrian contours are illustrated respectively. May 1999; 110 p; Available from NTIS; Prices: PC A07/MF A02; See also PB90-239641, and PB99-162646. Read Section 312 IAC 25-4-101 - Special categories of mining; approximate original contour variance for steep slope mining; permits, 312 Ind. sə‚māt (verb)] (mathematics) To obtain a result that is not exact but is near enough to the correct result for some specified purpose. It is Approximate Retail Value. OSTI.GOV Conference: Four case studies of slope stability on surface mined lands returned to approximate original contour in SW Virginia. Approximate Original Contour. OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT U.S. … The method started with modification of the contrast of the original image. AOC - Approximate Original Contour (topography) | AcronymFinder What does AOC stand for? : Current land-use: Proposed post-mining land use: If the proposed land use is not similar to the current use, please identify the land management agencies, planning districts, industrial development authorities, and other appropriate agencies that you This function returns the approximated contour with the same type as that of the input curve. “epsilon“: This is the maximum distance between the original curve and its approximation. A major provision of SMCRA is its requirement that mined lands be returned to “approximate original contour” (AOC). [Footnote 16] As the Senate Committee Report explained: "If surface mining and reclamation are not done carefully, Page 452 U. S. 328 4VAC25-130-785.16. Permits incorporating variances from approximate original contour restoration requirements for steep slope mining. fit_ellipse_contour_xld — Approximate XLD contours by ellipses or elliptic arcs. A federal law, The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA), was passed to rectify these problems. For example, take a look at Figure 4. u is an image to approximate the original image I, which is smooth within each region inside or outside the contour C. The first term in Eq. mate (ă-prok'si-māt), To bring close together. successively re ned. Reclaimed mountaintop removal mine site with industrial postmining land use. “closed“: If true, the approximated curve is closed otherwise, not. State environmental officials say that a vague legal definition of approximate original contour often ties their hands. Therefore, it is important to consider methods for simplifying a one-dimensional contour that approximate the original data well and can be computed by a distributed network. [L. ad, to, + proximus, nearest] See screenshots, read the latest customer reviews, and compare ratings for Contour Lines Screensaver. The Final AOC Guidance Document applies to steep-slope surface mining applications submitted after March 24, 2000. This means approximating a contour shape to another shape with less number of vertices so that the distance between both the shapes is less or equal to the specified precision. The below figure shows the curve approximation for different precisions (epsilon). See how the shape is approximated to a rectangle with epsilon =10% in the below image. Find out what is the full meaning of approximate on Abbreviations.com! Despite a federal law, many coal operators in southern West Virginia are not restoring strip mines to their ‘approximate original contour,’ as required by federal law Ken Ward Jr. reports for The Charleston Gazette.Environmental advocates say the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement is partially to blame, since it has failed to clarify what AOC really … Code 25-4-101, see flags on bad law, and search Casetext’s comprehensive legal database A federal law, the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA), was passed to rectify these problems. Chapter 22, Article 3-13(b)(3) of WVSCMRA, as well as State and Federal regulations, requires all mining operations to return the mined areas to AOC, unless an appropriate variance is granted by the appropriate regulatory authority. This paper describes a method that uses the information inherent in contour data. The overburden is then used for reclamation to reconstruct the landscape to approximate original contour (AOC) to the extent feasible, unless an AOC variance has … Looking for abbreviations of ARV? 350.410 Restoration of approximate original contour. Another did not have a sufficiently detailed reclamation plan, the report states. "Approximate Original Contour", or AOC, is the requirement that reclamation plans restore as nearly as possible the general pre-mine surface configuration of the disturbed area, and blend with the surrounding terrain. “closed“: If true, the approximated curve is closed otherwise, not. We then show the image. ARV - Approximate Retail Value. The slope length is approximately 100 [feet]. The smaller the value, the more the approximate contour fits the original contour. This algorithm is commonly known as the Ramer-Douglas-Peucker algorithm, or simply: the split-and-merge algorithm. This function returns the approximated contour with the same type as that of the input curve. Definitions of approximate - OneLook Dictionary Search. Each re nement step deletes from the current approximation the maximum-area rectangular notch that lies outside the original contour. You can vote up the ones you like or vote down the ones you don't like, and go to the original project or source file by following the links above each example. This means approximating a contour shape to another shape with less number of vertices so that the distance between both the shapes is less or equal to the specified precision. The below figure shows the curve approximation for different precisions (epsilon). The digitizer serves for inputting approximate information regarding the position of the contour on the original film. provision of “approximate original contour,” or AOC, has been attained. AOC stands for Approximate Original Contour (topography) Suggest new definition This definition appears frequently and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories: Military and Government Science, medicine, engineering, etc. If a noncoal surface mine site is proposed to be restored to approximate original contour, the applicant shall demonstrate that the operation will restore the land affected to a condition capable of supporting the uses it was capable of supporting prior to mining or to a higher or better use. Tools. Once we have the approximated contour, we check the len (i.e. the length, or number of entries in the list) to see how many vertices (i.e. This Guidance Document is commonly referred to as (AOC-Plus) and is located within Section 29 of the Permit Handbook. Two of the five Oklahoma mines inspected during that review were cited for “approximate original contour” deficiencies under federal law. Variance Request from Approximate Original Contour Requirement Applicant: Application No. Material piles and accumulation of other by-products may not exceed 35 feet of original contour of land... Regrading also implies a return to the approximate original … This map of Halema‘uma‘u at the summit of Kīlauea shows 20 m (66 ft) contour lines (dark gray) that mark locations of equal elevation above sea level (asl). The following are 7 code examples for showing how to use skimage.measure.approximate_polygon().These examples are extracted from open source projects. Two fitting images are constructed to approximate the original image and the square of the original image. If you approximate the contours using various thresholds, you will see the contours changing their shapes. The re- nement stops when the approximating polygon reaches some target complexity (number of vertices). Add to My List Edit this Entry Rate it: (1.80 / 5 votes) Translation Find a translation for Approximate Original Contour in other languages: Select another language: - Select - 简体中文 (Chinese - Simplified) The map shows that the lava lake has filled 229 m (751 ft) of the crater, to an elevation of 746 m (2448 ft) asl since the eruption began on December 20, 2020. Signature. Using documents to report on mountaintop mining: when coal industry officials and business leaders complain about coverage, 'the only way to counter such pressures is with good, solid reporting.' There are many ways to interpolate or approximate a surface. This map of Halema‘uma‘u at the summit of Kīlauea shows 20 m (66 ft) contour lines (dark gray) that mark locations of equal elevation above sea level (asl). Smcra has brought vast improvements in reclamation practice to central appalachia. Info from the Recording King website: Modeled after the original pre-war resonator guitars, our Recording King resonators are some of the foremost metal body guitars on the market. § 77.593. However, the return of surface mined lands to AOC remains highly controversial, as many criticize the environmental, economic, and land-use effects of AOC. The second parameter epsilon is used for the accuracy of contour approximation, which represents the maximum distance between the original contour and its approximate contour. In this paper, a novel active contour model based on hybrid image fitting energy which utilizes both global and local image information is proposed. Approximate Original Contour and the Taking Issue--Virginia Surface Mining and Reclamation Association, Inc. v. Andrus Close together; denoting the teeth in the human jaw, as distinguished from the separated teeth in certain lower animals. successively re ned. Reclamation processes. What Is Contour Approximation? Approximate Retail Value listed as ARV. 1. If you approximate the contours using various thresholds, you will see the contours changing their shapes. Therefore, it is important to consider methods for simplifying a one-dimensional contour that approximate the original data well and can be computed by a distributed network. fit_ellipse_contour_xld ... fit_ellipse_contour_xld approximates the XLD contours Contours ... on the affine transformation which produced the standard position of the contour resulting in the ellipse matching the original contour. Proximate, denoting the contact surfaces, either mesial or distal, of two adjacent teeth. Section 350.410 - Restoration of approximate original contour. This requirement is controversial in the steeply sloping Appalachian (U.S.A.) mining region. § 77.592. According to 30 USCS § 1291 (2), the term approximate original contour means "that surface configuration achieved by backfilling and grading of the mined area so that the reclaimed area, including any terracing or access roads, closely resembles the general surface configuration of the land prior to mining and blends into and complements the drainage pattern of the … How to Approximate Contours in an Image in Python using OpenCV. Proximate, denoting the contact surfaces, either mesial or distal, of two adjacent teeth. rotate the whole image and rotate the mask. ii Executive Summary This report presents the findings of geotechnical testing on two material types retrieved from a surface mine site in Logan County, West Virginia, … The map shows that the lava lake has filled 225 m (738 ft) of the crater, to an elevation of 742 m (2434 ft) asl since the eruption began on December 20, 2020. An image contour data generating apparatus comprises a digitizer for holding an original film having a section which is bounded by a particular contour. “epsilon“: This is the maximum distance between the original curve and its approximation. To obtain a series of results approaching the correct result. objective and well-defined methods for determining Approximate Original Contour (AOC) and to assure compliance. Contour Approximation in Sensor Networks 357 data to send through the network back to the analyst. The “shoot-and-shove” mining practices of past years resulted in a number of environmental problems. If coal companies don't want to do this or the volume of spoil is too large to they may apply for a permit to perform Approximate Original Contour Variance aka valley filling. (science and technology) Is it possible in OpenCV? A major provision of SMCRA is its requirement that mined lands be returned to "approximate original contour" (aoc). Let's make it 0.01: If you make it really small, say 0.00001, then it will look like the original image: Sorted by: Results 1 - 10 of 90. The company stated that they will do some more back-filling in this area to make a flatter slope. The third parameter specifies whether the approximate contour is closed. The re- nement stops when the approximating polygon reaches some target complexity (number of vertices). For current coal mines, SMCRA requires coal mining companies to restore the approximate original contour of the land surface after strip mining is concluded. Landform Profiles versus Approximate Original Contour Applied to Valley Fill Designs. Approximate Retail Value - How is Approximate Retail Value abbreviated? Both global and local image information are incorporated into these two fitting images. As part of the life cycle of a surface coal mine, completed mine areas must undergo rehabilitation.When mining ends, operators must restore the land to its approximate original contour (AOC) or leave the land graded and suitable for a “higher and better” post-mining land use (PMLU) that has been approved as part of the original mining permit … This Download this app from Microsoft Store for Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, Windows 10 Team (Surface Hub), HoloLens. The mined landscape created by typical "shoot-and-shove" mining methods during this era led to severe water-quality and land-use problems. Contour approximation is an algorithm for reducing the number of points in a curve with a reduced set of points — thus, an approximation. “curve“: contour/polygon we want to approximate. One way to go about this would be to get all the points on the contour and then approximate it with a smooth polygon. Four case studies of slope stability on surface mined lands returned to approximate original contour in SW … In layman terms, we take a curve and reduce its number of vertices while retaining the bulk of its shape. At each step the approximate polygon encloses the origi-nal contour. Close together; denoting the teeth in the human jaw, as distinguished from the separated teeth in certain lower animals. Fast contour matching using approximate earth mover’s distance. ... function, which uses the accuracy we set previously on the contour. Each re nement step deletes from the current approximation the maximum-area rectangular notch that lies outside the original contour. a contour for which no concise mathematical expression is known by only using a few points. the act defines approximate original contour as: "...that surface configuration achieved by backfilling and grading of the mined area so that the reclaimed area, including any terracing of access roads, closely resembles the general surface configuration of the land prior to mining and blends into and complements the drainage pattern of the … RESPEC's testimony during the Bragg v. SMCRA has brought vast improvements in reclamation practice to central Appalachia. Pretty much like new. copy the pixel from the rotated image where the rotated mask is set the original image. Research on coal mines of Appalachia reclaimed by approximate original contour methods indicates potential instability in many of the highwall … (2) “approximate original contour” means that surface configuration achieved by backfilling and grading of the mined area so that the reclaimed area, including any terracing or access roads, closely resembles the general surface configuration of the land prior to mining and blends into and complements the drainage pattern of the … I want to rotate contours pixels or the approximate polygon of contour with a given angle. Detailed Description. A major provision of SMCRA is its requirement that mined lands be returned to "approximate original contour" (AOC). The issue is how those characteristics, either individually or in combination, are used in determining if AOC [Approximate Original Contour] has been achieved Primary Subject. 'Approximate' is one option -- get in to view more @ The Web's largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource. A binarisation procedure was then applied to the image, and the chain-code algorithm was used to find an approximate breast contour. Approximate Original Contour (AOC) and Exceptions Mine site restored to AOC and planted with trees. approximate original contour. method termed Approximate Original Contour (AOC). In dentistry: 1. Academic & Science » Mathematics. Figure 3 shows the reconstruction of two sample contours. Enacted in 1977, the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) required that all mining spoil be stabilized and returned to "approximate original contour" (aoc) wherever possible. Contour approximation, which uses the Ramer – Douglas – Peucker (RDP) algorithm, aims to simplify a polyline by reducing its vertices given a threshold value.

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